Editor's Update: Joe Marino has found another important STURP document in his archives. See number 37 below. (08/31/2022)
Editor's Update: Once again, Joe Marino has found an important STURP document in his archives. See number 36 below. (11/22/2021)
Editor's Update: We are including five previously unpublished papers by STURP team members in today's update, thanks to the enormous research efforts made by Joe Marino to find them in the archives. See numbers 31 through 35 below. (9/30/2021)
Editor's Update: This year marks the 40th anniversary of the STURP team's historic examination of the Shroud in 1978. However, since the inception of this website and due to copyright restrictions, most of their peer-reviewed papers were not available on the internet. This year, in honor of their now historic nature and their critical importance to Shroud studies, and under the Fair Usage clause of the copyright law, I decided to publish all of the papers in today's update. We will respect any author's request to remove their paper if they so desire. (10/08/2018)
Editor's Update: It has been seven years since I last added material to this page, but a posting today by Gabriel on Dan Porter's Shroud of Turin Blog provided information on a Shroud related 1988 paper that was co-authored by former STURP team member Jim Drusik. It has now been added as #29 below. (9/26/2012)
Editor's Update: It has been many years since I added material to this page, but a new peer reviewed paper by former STURP team member Ray Rogers in January 2005 is very important, so it has been included as Number 28 on this list. This paper provides critical new information about the sample used for carbon 14 dating of the Shroud in 1988. (1/21/2005)
Editor's Update: I wish to thank Larry Schwalbe, former STURP team member from the Los Alamos National Laboratory for providing three new refereed papers for this list (#25, 26 and 27). I am delighted to have his involvement in this website. (12/1/1996)
Editor's Update: I wish to thank Stephen Ray Olsen at Brigham Young University for taking the time to proofread and make corrections to this Bibliography. The reorganization and restructuring were also at his suggestion. I appreciate the input (and assistance). (6/19/1996)
1. Accetta, J.S. and J.S. Baumgart, "Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy and Thermographic Investigations of the Shroud of Turin," Applied Optics, Vol. 19, No. 12, pp. 1921-1929.
2. Avis, C., D. Lynn, J. Lorre, S. Lavoie, J. Clark, E. Armstrong, and J. Addington, "Image Processing of the Shroud of Turin," IEEE 1982 Proceedings of the International Conference on Cybernetics and Society, October 1982, pp. 554-558.
3. Devan, D. and V. Miller, "Quantitative Photography of the Shroud of Turin," IEEE 1982 Proceedings of the International Conference on Cybernetics and Society, October 1982, pp. 548-553.
4. Ercoline, W.R., R.C. Downs, Jr. and J.P. Jackson, "Examination of the Turin Shroud for Image Distortions," IEEE 1982 Proceedings of the International Conference on Cybernetics and Society, October 1982, pp. 576-579.
5. Gilbert, R., Jr. and M.M. Gilbert, "Ultraviolet-Visible Reflectance and Fluorescence Spectra of the Shroud of Turin," Applied Optics, Vol. 19, No. 12, pp. 1930-1936.
6. Heller, J.H. and A.D. Adler, "Blood on the Shroud of Turin," Applied Optics, Vol. 19, No. 16, 1980, pp. 2742-2744.
7. Heller, J.H. and A.D. Adler, "A Chemical Investigation of the Shroud of Turin," Canadian Society of Forensic Sciences Journal, Vol. 14, No. 3, 1981, pp. 81-103.
8. Jackson, J.P., E.J. Jumper and W.R. Ercoline, "Three Dimensional Characteristic of the Shroud Image," IEEE 1982 Proceedings of the International Conference on Cybernetics and Society, October 1982, pp. 559-575.
9. Jackson, J.P., E.J. Jumper, and W.R. Ercoline, "Correlation of Image Intensity on the Turin Shroud with the 3-D Structure of a Human Body Shape," Applied Optics, Vol. 23, No. 14, 1984, pp. 2244-2270.
10. Jumper, E.J. and R.W. Mottern, "Scientific Investigation of the Shroud of Turin," Applied Optics, Vol. 19, No. 12, 1980, pp. 1909-1912.
11. Jumper, E.J., "An Overview of the Testing Performed by the Shroud of Turin Research Project with a Summary of Results," IEEE 1982 Proceedings of the International Conference on Cybernetics and Society, October 1982, pp. 535-537.
12. Jumper, E.J., A.D. Adler, J.P. Jackson, S.F. Pellicori, J.H. Heller and J.R. Drusik. "A Comprehensive Examination of the Various Stains and Images on the Shroud of Turin," Archaeological Chemistry III, ACS Advances in Chemistry No. 205, J.B. Lambert, Editor, Chapter 22, American Chemical Society, Washington D.C., 1984, pp. 447-476.
13. Miller, V.D. and S.F. Pellicori, "Ultraviolet Fluorescence Photography of the Shroud of Turin," Journal of Biological Photography, Vol. 49, No. 3, 1981, pp. 71-85.
14. Morris, R.A., L.A. Schwalbe and J.R. London, "X-Ray Fluorescence Investigation of the Shroud of Turin," X-Ray Spectrometry, Vol. 9, No. 2, 1980, pp. 40-47.
15. Mottern, R.W., R.J. London and R.A. Morris, "Radiographic Examination of the Shroud of Turin - A Preliminary Report," Materials Evaluation, Vol. 38, No. 12 pp. 39-44.
16. Pellicori, S.F., "Spectral Properties of the Shroud of Turin," Applied Optics, Vol. 19, No. 12, pp. 1913-1920.
17. Pellicori, S. and M.S. Evans, "The Shroud of Turin Through the Microscope," Archaeology, January/February 1981, pp. 34-43.
18. Pellicori, S.F. and R.A. Chandos, "Portable Unit Permits UV/vis Study of 'Shroud'," Industrial Research and Development, February 1981, pp. 186-189.
19. Schwalbe, L.A. and R.N. Rogers, "Physics and Chemistry of the Shroud of Turin, A Summary of the 1978 Investigation," Analytica Chimica Acta, Vol. 135, 1982, pp. 3-49.
20. Schwortz, B.M., "Mapping of Research Test-Point Areas on the Shroud of Turin," IEEE 1982 Proceedings of the International Conference on Cybernetics and Society, October 1982, pp. 538-547. (Original HTML version with color test points)
20. Schwortz, B.M., "Mapping of Research Test-Point Areas on the Shroud of Turin," IEEE 1982 Proceedings of the International Conference on Cybernetics and Society, October 1982, pp. 538-547. (PDF version)
In addition to the above listed papers published in refereed scientific journals, four additional articles written by STURP members and published in other publications are included: (There probably are more of these).
21. Bucklin, Robert, "The Shroud of Turin: a Pathologist's Viewpoint," Legal Medicine Annual, 1982, pp. 33-39.
22. Dinegar, Robert Hudson. "The Shroud of Turin - A Look at the Overall Picture," The Living Church, May 17, 1981, pp. 9-11.
23. Jumper, E.J., K. Stevenson, Jr., and J.P. Jackson. "Images of Coins on a Burial Cloth?," The Numismatist, July 1978, pp. 1349-1357.
24. Miller, V., and D. Lynn, "De Lijwade Van Turjin," Natuur en Techniek, February 1981, pp. 102-125.
At the suggestion of Larry Schwalbe, I am including some additional refereed articles describing work that builds on the 1978 investigation. Larry explained, "...we learned in Turin that the image is a product of cellulose degradation, so a few of us studied thermal processes for a while":
25. John P. Jackson, Eugene Arthurs, Larry A. Schwalbe, Ronald M. Sega, David E. Windisch, William H. Long, and Eddy A. Stappaerts, "A New Tool for Cellulose Degradation Studies," Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology: Symposium held April 6-8, 1988, Reno, Nevada, U.S.A., Ed. Edward V. Sayre et al., Materials Research Society 123, pp. 311-316 (1988).
26. John P. Jackson, Eugene Arthurs, Larry A. Schwalbe, Ronald M. Sega, David E. Windisch, William H. Long, and Eddy A. Stappaerts, "Infrared Laser Heating for Studies of Cellulose Degradation," Appled Optics 27(18), 3937-3943 (1988).
Larry goes on, "...also Bob Dinegar (STURP Team Member) and I presented some thoughts about what could be learned from isotopic measurements of the cloth in...":
27. R. H. Dinegar and L. A. Schwalbe - Isotope Measurements and Provenance Studies of the Turin Shroud - Archaeological Chemistry IV, Ed. Ralph O. Allen, Advances in Chemistry Series 220 (American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1989) Chapter 23, pp. 409-417. (Abstract only. Full paper available for purchase or by subscription).
Larry concluded, "As I said, these papers do not deal directly with the data collected in 1978. Instead, the work was intended to serve as background to support a future investigation that we thought was still possible in the late 80s. There are probably more papers like these. Perhaps including these will flush out more such information." Larry was correct and the following paper came to my attention thanks to Emanuela Marinelli:
28. Laurance R. Doyle, Jean J. Lorre and Eric B. Doyle, "The application of computer image processing techniques to artifact analysis as applied to the Shroud of Turin study," Studies in Conservation, Volume 31, Number 1, p.1-6, 1986. (Link to abstract only).
The following paper was added on September 26, 2012 thanks to input from Gabriel on Dan Porter's Shroud of Turin blog. Note that one of the authors, Jim Drusik, was a member of the STURP team:
29. DeNiro, M.J., Sternberg, L., Marino, B. and Drusik, J. - Relation between D/H ratios and 180 and 160 ratios in cellulose from linen and maize. Implications for paleoclimatology and sindonology - Geochim.- Cosmochim.- Acta, May 19, 1988, vol 52., 2189-2196.
Although many years have passed since I first created this list, I felt it was important to add the following peer reviewed paper in January 2005. This paper provides critical new information about the sample used for carbon 14 dating of the Shroud in 1988:
30. Raymond N. Rogers, "Studies on the radiocarbon sample from the Shroud of Turin," Thermochimica Acta Vol. 425, Issues 1-2, 20 January 2005, Pages 189-194
In September 2021, Joe Marino found five previously unpublished articles by STURP team members and made them available to us, so we are including them here:
31. Donald Devan, Eric Jumper, Ph.D. and John Jackson, Ph.D., A Scientific Search for New Images on the Holy Shroud of Turin by Computer Enhancement - 1974
32. Robert W. "Bill" Mottern, The Testing of a Relic - American Society of Nondestructive Testing (ASNT) - 1979 Fall Conference Proceedings - pp. 279-282
33. Eric J. Jumper, Robert W. "Bill" Mottern and John P. Jackson, Nondestructive Testing of the Shroud of Turin: Project STURP - 1979
34. Donald J. Lynn, Some Anthropological Evidence Pertinent to the Shroud of Turin - circa 1980
35. Giovanni Riggi, The Dusts of the Holy Shroud of Turin - Progress Report on the Work of the Turin Section of STURP - October 9, 1981 - New London, Connecticut [Editor's Note: This was written by Riggi long before online internet translation services became available and English was not Riggi's first language, so you may find the language somewhat awkward in places].
In November 2021, Joe Marino found another important, previously unpublished STURP document and made it available to us, so we are including it here:
36. Diane Soran, Transcript of Diane Soran's Remarks at Meeting of Shroud of Turin Research Project Members - Espaņola, New Mexico - April 28, 1979, is a professionally produced transcript of an audio recording made at one of the New Mexico regional group meetings held on April 28, 1979. (It was probably transcribed by someone at the Los Alamos lab). The Espaņola location makes me believe the meeting was probably held at Ron London's small ranch and it took place about a month after STURP held their 'First Data Analysis Workshop' on the Shroud, in Santa Barbara, California (March 24-25, 1979), when the entire team was present. So although it is somewhat technical, it provides us with a closer look at one of the least known but truly important STURP scientific team members (and provides further insights into the team itself). Other researchers at the meeting included Ray Rogers, Ron London, Eric Jumper, John Jackson, Bob Dinegar, Joe Accetta and Don Janney. The document represents some technical remarks by Diane Soran, STURP team member from Los Alamos National Laboratory with expertise in chemistry and archaelogy. Sadly, Diane was one of the first team members to pass away and never really had the opportunity to publish any of her own Shroud research. I know she worked closely with Ray Rogers and others at the lab on Shroud related chemistry matters, but little material evidence of her work exists. This recently discovered document gives us some insights into her dedication and professionalism and how seriously she took this research. I believe this is a truly important historical document and am very pleased to share it with you.
In August 2022, Joe Marino found another important, previously unpublished STURP document and made it available to us, so we are including it here:
37. Workshop Proceedings of the 1977 United States Conference on the Shroud of Turin compiled by Eric J. Jumper and John P. Jackson - Published by the Holy Shroud Guild - March 24, 1977 - This historically important 22 page summary document provides a close look at some of the extensive planning that ultimately led to the creation of the STURP team. Here is an excerpt from the introduction: "The function of the second day workshop of the 1977 United States Conference of Research on the Shroud of Turin was to: (1) Comment on the 1969-1976 Scientific Commission Report; (2) Identify areas where the Shroud and its image are not well understood (i.e. in terms of the Shroud's authenticity and image formation process); (3) suggest ways in which basic understanding of these areas can be improved; and (4) formulate a proposal which can be made to authorities in Turin for performing research on the Shroud..."
In March 2023, our friend Giovanni Fazio found the entire Proceedings online and made it available to us, so we are including it here:
38. Full Proceedings of the 1977 United States Conference on the Shroud of Turin - Edited by Kenneth Stevenson - Published by the Holy Shroud Guild - March 24, 1977 - This is the entire 132 page volume of the Proceedings that includes all the presentations made by the attendees. See page 6 of the pdf document for a complete list of included authors and pages 7 and 8 for the Table of Contents. Here is an excerpt from the Introduction: "The Shroud of Turin has been called the Fifth Gospel. It has also been denounced as a fraud. Fifth Gospel or fraud - the Shroud is certainly still a fascinating mystery in the twentieth century. Prior to the twentieth century, historians attempted to trace the Shroud from Turin to Calvary, but the trail was lost in France during the fourteenth century. Although records were found in Constantinople which placed the Burial Cloth of Christ in that city during the twelfth century, although references were found In earlier documents, the broken links and gaps made a strong historical argument for authenticity impossible. However, new research during recent decades has filled in many of those gaps and has strengthened the historical argument..." [Editor's Note: The original scanning of this document was less than perfect but the information was important enough to be included in spite of those limitations. We have run OCR software on the file so at least copying the text is possible, although minor errors might still be found].
We added this link to the Scientific Papers & Articles page some years ago, but for some reason failed to include it on this page. So we are including it today, July 21, 2023. Better late than never:
39. "STURP II" Testing Proposals 1984-88 - William Meacham, Hong Kong based archaeologist and highly respected Shroud scholar, has archived a wealth of important historical information about the STURP team in the 1980's on this web page. He includes links to 1) a Summary of the STURP 1984 testing proposals, 2) the Complete STURP 1984 testing proposals (this is a very large file of 181 pages and 46 MB), 3) the STURP 1987 testing proposals (in 4 parts), 4) correspondence between Steve Lukasic (of STURP) and Meacham and 5) the STURP 1988 testing proposals. Our thanks to Bill for making this valuable information available.
Once again, Joe Marino has found an interesting STURP II document and made it available to us, so we are including it today, November 27, 2023:
This is an older, previously unpublished paper, by Stephen J. Lukasik, a physicist who was one of the experts that was involved in the planning of the STURP II project, which sadly, never came to fruition. Lukasik was the Vice-president of the Northrop Corporation, chief scientist at the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and director of the Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA). He passed away in 2019.
Some Speculations Concerning the Process Leading to the Formation of the Image on the Shroud of Turin by S. J. Lukasik - 1985 - Previously unpublished.